巴黎疯马秀

TRN412H1

TRN412H1: Seminar in Ethics, Society, and Law

For the 2025-2026 academic year, there are five sections of TRN412H1.

TRN412H1-F LEC0101: Seminar in Ethics, Society, and Law – Our Failed War in Afghanistan

Course Description

John Duncan John听Duncan is an associate professor and the director of the University of Toronto鈥檚 major program in听Ethics, Society and Law (we say 鈥淓, S AND L鈥�)听hosted by 巴黎疯马秀. ES&L enrolls about seventy-five new students from well over听 five hundred applicants annually, and features small seminar courses, innovative programing, a focus on sustainability, and more traditional courses. Professor Duncan is also the academic director of the听听program at Victoria College in the U of T. His interests include outreach and engagement co-learning (please see, e.g.,听), critical issues in contemporary society, politics, and international relations (please see, e.g., 鈥溾��), and the history of philosophy and the humanities (please see, e.g.,听, 鈥溾��, and 鈥溾��). He is involved in听听and directs the听Humanities for Humanity programs听at Trinity. For more information, please see听.

TRN412H1-F LEC0201: Seminar in Ethics, Society, and Law – Freedom of Expression, Harmful Speech, and the Law

Course Description

In this course we examine the legal status of harmful speech. Specifically we look at cases where freedom of expression leads to tangible harms to other people. A central question for the course is why words that wound should enjoy more protection than actions that cause damage? If someone strikes you with their fist, this would obviously be criminal. Why is it different when someone strikes you with their speech? Scholars have given many answers to this question and we will study the different ways that countries have tried to balance the interest in freedom of expression with the the interest in reducing harm, especially to already vulnerable parties. The goal of the course is to allow students to bring theoretical foundations to current issues related to the limits of freedom of expression. Students will produce research papers over the course, and will also be given the opportunity to develop their presentation skills.

2024-2025 Instructor

Michael Kessler Michael Kessler is an Associate Professor in the Ethics, Society & Law Program at 巴黎疯马秀. He is the Raymond Pryke Chair and Director of the Margaret MacMillan Trinity One Program. He was an undergraduate at the University of Toronto where he studied philosophy before moving to Harvard University for his doctoral studies. His research interests are in philosophy of law, bioethics, and criminal justice. In his spare time he spends a lot of time on bikes and with dogs.

TRN412H1-S LEC0101: Seminar in Ethics, Society, and Law – Social Justice Policy in Ontario

Course Description

Governments of all stripes in Canada will argue that the policies they propose and implement are designed to advance the best interests of their citizens. Most often, there are no objective criteria built into policies that could allow analysis of the success of these claims. In this section of TRN412H, we will discuss policies designed to foster social justice in the Ontario context over the past 20 years and the degree to which we can agree that they were successful. We will examine changes to the publicly funded education system between 1995 and present day; progress of reconciliation with Indigenous people in the context of the recommendations of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission; poverty reduction initiatives and particularly the Basic Income Pilot; and finally, issues of equity and inequality that have been thrown into sharp relief by the COVID pandemic and the subsequent economic volatility.

The instructor will draw on her experience as an elected official in Ontario from 2000-2022 to augment and foster discussion. Students will be expected to complete assigned readings but additionally, to bring relevant policy discussion items from current media.

2025-2026 Instructor

Kathleen Wynne Kathleen Wynne was Ontario鈥檚 25th Premier. She was first elected to the Ontario legislature in 2003 as the MPP for Don Valley West, and she became the leader of the Ontario Liberal Party in January 2013.听 Kathleen has dedicated her professional life to building a better province for the people of Ontario. She and her government were guided by the values and principles that knit this province together: fairness, diversity, collaboration and creativity.听Kathleen has served as Ontario鈥檚 Minister of Municipal Affairs and Housing, Minister of Aboriginal Affairs, Minister of Transportation, Minister of Education and Minister of Agriculture and Food.听In her role as Minister of Aboriginal Affairs, Kathleen worked in partnership with First Nations communities to address issues such as mining development, First Nations land claims, and improving quality of life for Indigenous people living off-reserve through affordable housing and recreation programs.听As Minister of Education, Kathleen led the government鈥檚 efforts to reduce class sizes, implement full-day kindergarten and provide more opportunities for high school students to reach their full potential.听 Kathleen has served as a Public School Trustee in Toronto. She has led citizens鈥� groups in a number of grassroots community projects, and has played a major role as an organizer and facilitator. This experience has contributed to her results-based approach to life, government and community.听 Kathleen has three adult children, Chris, Jessie and Maggie, and鈥痵ix grandchildren, Olivia,鈥疌laire, Hugh, Violet, Arthur, and George. Before moving to Alliston, Ontario, Kathleen and her partner Jane lived in North Toronto for more than 30 years.听

TRN412H1-S LEC0201: Seminar in Ethics, Society, and Law – On the practice of public interest environmental law and climate change advocacy

Course Description

This section of TRN412H1H will focus on environmental law, policy, advocacy, and activism. The course will explore the development and running of strategic public interest environmental cases and campaigns, and engage students in applied ethical questions, such as intergenerational responsibility, the role of law in structural inequity, and the tension between economic development and environmental protection. The goal is to bridge theory and practice by grounding philosophical and legal concepts in real-world case studies, many of which the instructor has worked on directly. Efforts will be made to incorporate guest speakers (as appropriate) from legal and activist communities to provide students with a multifaceted view of the issues. In sum, a practice-based approach, in dialogue with theory and policy, will provide students with both intellectual engagement and practical insight, engaging them in the ethical, legal, and socio-political complexities of law in action.

2025-2026 Instructor

Julia Croome is a practicing environmental lawyer on the leadership team of, and the director of litigation practice at, , Canada鈥檚 largest legal not-for-profit. Ecojustice develops and litigates precedent-setting cases and pushes for better laws which serve its mandate to defend nature, combat the climate crisis, and fight for a healthy environment for all. Ecojustice also runs campaigns and communication projects to effectively engage the public. Julia works at the intersection of legal advocacy, policy reform, and environmental justice. Notably, she is counsel on Mathur v Ontario, the landmark Canadian climate charter case. For a decade and a half, she has been an adjunct professor at the University of Toronto, Faculty of Law, and she holds J.D. (U of T, Faculty of Law, 2008), M.A. (U of T, Institute for the History and Philosophy of Science and Technology, 2005), and B.A. (McMaster, Arts & Science Programme, 2004) degrees.

TRN412H1-S LEC0301: Seminar in Ethics, Society, and Law: Double Standards in Law, Society, and the International Environment

Course Description

Double standards, which refer to the application of different sets of principles, rules, norms, or laws to similar situations, are ubiquitous at all levels of human interaction. They are observed in both domestic and international governance structures. Evidence, or even the perception of double standards or hypocrisy, affects perceptions of fairness and legitimacy. But also, accusations of such duplicity can be used to deflect justified criticisms or evade accountability. While evidence of double standards is ever-present throughout history, they are currently receiving heightened attention as a manifest source of unfairness. Debates about disparate international reactions to foreign wars, global income inequality, policing and the criminal justice system, workplace expectations and the gender pay gap, or the treatment of asylum-seekers from different regions of the world all feature evidence and critiques of double standards.

This seminar delves into the complex phenomenon of double standards, exploring their practical manifestations and ethical implications in socio-legal and political contexts. Students will examine how double standards arise in various settings, from international relations and human rights to domestic policy and everyday social interactions. Through case studies, interdisciplinary readings from law, literature, social psychology, behavioural economics, and philosophy, and robust classroom discussions, the course will address such questions as: what ethical and legal principles are compromised by double standards? How do power dynamics and social structures perpetuate these inconsistencies? What are the consequences for justice, equity, and trust in societal and legal institutions? And, perhaps less intuitively, are double standards ever necessary to ensure the effectiveness and function of these institutions?

The overarching objective of the seminar is for students to gain a nuanced understanding of how prevalent double standards are in domestic and international environments. They will learn strategies to identify, critique, and assess double standards. While exploring the impact of double standards on justice, equity, and trust in institutions, students will develop strategies to mitigate the effects of double standards in various contexts. Assessment will be based on: (i) a research proposal, (ii) leading an in-class discussion, and (iii) a final research paper.

2024-2025 Instructor

David Hughes David Hughes teaches in the Ethics, Society & Law program at 巴黎疯马秀, University of Toronto and in the first-year program at Osgoode Hall Law School. From 2022-2024, he was an Assistant Professor at the Canadian Forces College. Before that, he was the Trebek Postdoctoral Fellow at the University of Ottawa. He holds a PhD from Osgoode Hall Law School during which time he spent two years at the University of Michigan Law School as a Grotius Research Fellow. David has written about various topics and themes relating to international law which have appeared in several leading journals including the Harvard Journal of International Law, the European Journal of International Law, the Georgetown Journal of International Law, the Melbourne Journal of International Law, and the Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law. His publications can be found here. Before beginning his doctoral research, David worked at the Council of Europe, with the UN High Commissioner for Refugees, and with civil society organizations in Strasbourg, Geneva, Brussels, and Jerusalem.

Not offered in the 2025-2026 academic year:

TRN412H1-S LEC0201: Seminar in Ethics, Society, and Law – Constitutional Democracy: The Theory & Design of Modern Governance

Course Description

Constitutional democracy is the predominant form of modern governance and political life. Almost every country in the world has some form of constitution and鈥攂y explicit declaration, substantive commitment, or pretence鈥攅ach aspires to some form of popular rule. But the union of constitutionalism and democracy is beset by tensions鈥攂etween popular will and minority rights, the rule of the people and the rule of law, the claims of the present and the commitments of the past. This course explores the theory and design of constitutional democracy. It proceeds by examining the philosophical foundations and component institutions of constitutional self-government, culminating in a collaborative constitutional convention addressing the challenges of structuring political life together.

2024-2025 Instructor

Connor Ewing Connor Ewing is assistant professor of Political Science and Fellow of 巴黎疯马秀 at the University of Toronto. Located in the fields of American Politics and Public Law, his research interests span American political thought and development, constitutional law and theory, federalism, rights jurisprudence, human dignity, and constitutional design. Previously he was a Kinder Institute Assistant Professor of Constitutional Democracy and Assistant Professor of Political Science at the University of Missouri and, before that, a Postdoctoral Research Associate in the Program on Constitutionalism & Democracy at the University of Virginia. He received his PhD in Government from the University of Texas at Austin, AM in Social Sciences from the University of Chicago, and BA in Philosophy and Political Science from the University of Wisconsin鈥擬adison.听